Documented examples

Each record describes something a country built that the indicators do not capture. The source provides the published number; the mechanism is our interpretation.

Scores describe outcomes. These records describe how a country acted, what it needed and what happened. 742 of 742 records include a mechanism. They do not affect scores.

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SearchCountryCapabilityStatusWith a mechanism7 of 742 deliveries

Coordination

1 delivery linked to Public-private collaboration.

Azerbaijansince 2023still operatingbears on Public-private collaboration

Private solar and wind plants under government investment agreements

Azerbaijan's government brought its first utility-scale private solar plant, Masdar's 230 MW Garadagh plant built with US$262 million of foreign investment, into operation on 26 October 2023, followed on 16 September 2026 by the 100 MW Gobustan plant won at a 2024 auction, with further private wind and solar plants under investment agreements and power purchase contracts.

230 MW, capacity of the garadagh solar power plant, the first private utility-scale plant, in operation, 2023-10-26. 262 million US$, foreign investment in the garadagh plant, 2023. Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 'Use of renewable energy sources in Azerbaijan', retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The government signed investment agreements, land leases, power purchase, grid connection and balancing agreements with foreign developers, first bilaterally with Masdar and then through an auction, for private plants connected to the national grid.

Preconditions

A state counterparty able to sign long-term power purchase and grid agreements
Gas exports valuable enough that each kilowatt-hour from renewables frees gas for sale, which is how the ministry frames each plant
Gulf developers willing to invest on bilaterally negotiated terms before an auction was held

Where else it has been used: Uzbekistan's tendered solar IPPs (uzb-renewable-ipp) used the same Gulf developers in the same years.

Limits: The ministry describes its own programme on an undated web page that has been updated at least to September 2026; the investment figure and capacities are the ministry's, with no audited cost and no published tariff. Two private plants are operating, 330 MW together by our sum, against 2,170 MW of renewable capacity the same page reports in operation, most of it state hydropower; the rest of the private pipeline (ACWA Power's 240 MW Khizi-Absheron wind farm, bp's 240 MW Shafag plant, Masdar's 1 GW 'mega project', two 50 MW plants in Jabrayil) is under construction or planned, and the page gives no completion dates. 'Implemented jointly with local and international partners' covers different structures: Garadagh and Gobustan are built and owned by foreign developers, though the page does not name their buyer or contract terms, Shafag serves bp's own terminal through a 'virtual' transmission swap, and the page does not say which plants were competitively tendered beyond Gobustan. The collaboration is recent, so the record shows a start, not a sustained programme. The ministry's page describes Garadagh as 'put into operation as a pilot project'; it is a 230 MW grid-connected plant, so we read the word as first-of-kind rather than as a trial, but the source uses it.

Learning

1 delivery linked to Adult learning participation.

Azerbaijansince 2021still operatingbears on Adult learning participation

Self-Employment Program business training

Azerbaijan's State Employment Agency trained 24,399 successful applicants to the national Self-Employment Program in business skills and business planning between May 2021 and November 2024, 2,155 of them in the third quarter of 2024, as a condition of receiving start-up assets.

24,399 people, successful sep applicants who completed business training (cumulative), May 2021 to 30 November 2024. 2,155 people, applicants who completed training and prepared business plans in one quarter, Q3 2024. World Bank, Azerbaijan Employment Support Project (P171250), Implementation Status and Results Report, sequence 9, archived 23 January 2025, retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The employment agency selects vulnerable jobseekers into a self-employment programme, trains them to write a business plan, and transfers start-up assets to those whose plans pass, with mentoring visits afterwards.

Preconditions

A registry of vulnerable jobseekers and a selection process for applicants
Contracted business trainers able to run batches across regions
Budget for in-kind asset transfers, here partly loan-financed

Limits: The count is from the World Bank's monitoring of a loan it finances, reported by the implementing agency, and covers only programme participants financed under the project from May 2021, not the Self-Employment Program's earlier cohorts, which the state budget financed from 2017. The training is short business training that gates an asset transfer, not vocational or general education, so it is a narrow slice of adult learning. The same report gives 27,452 SEP beneficiaries 'in training or have completed trainings' and 'over 27,000' participating in business training, so the denominator varies by indicator; the completed count is used. About 3,000 people a year passed through the ministry's two vocational training centres, by the 2020 appraisal document's account, and the vocational certification and on-the-job training windows of the restructured project had not started by December 2024.

Experimentation

1 delivery linked to Firms through regulatory sandboxes.

Azerbaijansince 2024still operatingbears on Firms through regulatory sandboxes

Central Bank of Azerbaijan regulatory sandbox

The Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan began testing its first regulatory sandbox participant in December 2024 and admitted three more whose testing began in 2026, out of 14 applicants.

3 firms, firms whose sandbox testing began in 2026, counted from the registry, 2026. 14 applicants (cumulative), applicants to the sandbox since launch, 2026-10. Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Regulatory Sandbox Registry, retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The central bank wrote rules on a special regulation regime that exempt participants from licensing, opened cohort application windows, and admitted a handful of banks and crypto firms to test products with capped users under its supervision.

Preconditions

A central bank that is also the integrated financial regulator, so one body can grant the exemption
Demand for products the existing licence categories do not cover, here Islamic finance and crypto exchange

Limits: The year count of three is computed from testing start dates in the registry; the central bank publishes only undated cumulative counters (14 applicants, 4 participants), so the series has no official annual figure and earlier years cannot be reconstructed if entries are removed. The registry's completed projects section shows no entries although the first test was scheduled to end in February 2026 and is still listed as current, so firms completing the regime, half of what the indicator asks for, cannot be counted. Only one regulator is covered. A sandbox of four firms is not a national flagship in the sense of a programme policymakers name first; it is filed because it evidences this gap's construct literally.

Adaptability

2 deliveries linked to Institutional responsiveness, Disaster preparedness and recovery.

Azerbaijansince 2020delivered and closedbears on Institutional responsiveness

AZN 190 monthly allowance to people who lost work, April to June 2020

After Azerbaijan's first COVID-19 case on 28 February 2020 and the first lockdown in March, the government paid a monthly allowance of AZN 190 to 600,000 unemployed citizens, formal and informal, from April to June 2020, and in 2020 also granted targeted social assistance to 9,000 newly poor families without the usual household assessment and extended expired assistance for 9,408 households.

600,000 people, unemployed citizens paid the azn 190 monthly allowance, april to june 2020, 2020-06. 9,000 families (37,350 persons), newly poor families granted targeted social assistance without a full household assessment, 2020. World Bank, Project Information Document, Azerbaijan COVID-19 Emergency Response Project (P176503), 11 May 2021, retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The government created a temporary flat allowance for anyone who registered as having lost work, including informal workers, through an online registration with the State Employment Service, and relaxed the targeted social assistance rules so newly poor families could be added without a home assessment.

Preconditions

An online registration route with a telephone fallback through district employment centres
Budget resources to pay first and refinance part of the cost later from a donor loan
A targeted social assistance programme whose eligibility checks could be relaxed by decision

Limits: The figures are in paragraph 14 and footnote 4 on page 6 of 9 of a World Bank project information document, written a year later to prepare a loan that would retroactively finance the payment for 170,000 of the 600,000 recipients; it relays the government's figures and is not an evaluation. The document says 'from April to June 2020' but not whether all 600,000 were paid in April or how many months each received, so the speed shown is the month, not days; registration was online, with a phone route through district employment centres. 600,000 is a round number. The first case date and 'three lockdowns between March 2020 and January 2021' are in paragraph 4 (page 4). The document calls AZN 190 commensurate to the cost of living, and the payment stopped after three months; the 9,000 families added to targeted social assistance were few next to 600,000 allowance recipients, which suggests the standing safety net expanded little.

Azerbaijansince 2019delivered and closedbears on Disaster preparedness and recovery

Housing reconstruction after the February 2019 Shamakhi earthquake

Azerbaijan's Minister of Emergency Situations reported on 5 December 2019, ten months after the February 2019 Shamakhi earthquake, that 580 houses had been built and 1,175 houses restored in Shamakhi district with state funds, while three apartment buildings with 174 flats were, by the President's account on the same page, still under construction.

1,175 houses, houses restored in shamakhi district, 2019-12-05. 580 houses, new houses built in shamakhi district (three apartment buildings with 174 flats still under construction), 2019-12-05. Official website of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 'Ilham Aliyev viewed conditions created at newly constructed building for earthquake-affected families in Shamakhi', 5 December 2019 (statement by Minister of Emergency Situations Kamaladdin Heydarov), retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The Ministry of Emergency Situations acts as the builder after an earthquake, demolishing damaged houses and building replacements with state money within the year, under direct presidential instruction instead of through insurance.

Preconditions

A ministry with its own construction capacity and direct budget access
Oil-revenue fiscal room to fund reconstruction without insurance
Political priority set from the top, which also makes the reporting promotional

Limits: The figures are spoken by the emergency minister during a presidential visit and published on the President's website, in a text that is largely praise of the President; there is no independent verification, no count of houses damaged to set them against, and no cost. The President says on the same page that the three high-rise buildings with 174 flats were still under construction and that work was also done in Aghsu and Ismayilli districts, which the figures do not cover. The page says there were no fatalities, which reflects the earthquake's size as much as preparedness. The earlier May 2012 Zagatala and Gakh earthquake, where the ministry's commission found 3,336 private houses unusable in Gakh alone and construction had started on 266 by September 2012 (president.az articles 4823 and 5940), shows the same model at larger scale but with no completion figure read. The record shows rapid state-financed reconstruction, not risk reduction: nothing on the page concerns seismic codes or warning.

Building

2 deliveries linked to Large project delivery.

Azerbaijansince 2009delivered and closedbears on Large project delivery

Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (rayon centres), and its downsizing

Azerbaijan's water agencies built water supply and sanitation systems in eight regional (rayon) centres under the Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project, after a 2012 restructuring cut the scope from 21 rayons to 8 because of cost increases, while the total project cost rose from US$560 million to US$641.8 million and the loan closed on 30 June 2019 instead of 28 February 2013.

641.8 million US dollars, total project cost, actual disbursed (world bank us$407.8 million plus government us$234 million), 2019-06-30. 560 million US dollars, total project cost at approval, for 21 rayons, 2008-05. World Bank, Implementation Completion and Results Report, Azerbaijan Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (P109961), 18 December 2019, retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The government launched a national programme to rebuild water systems in all regional centres on rough cost estimates, financed slices of it with World Bank loans, and when real costs emerged, cut the number of towns and stretched the timetable instead of finding the money.

Preconditions

Feasibility studies before approval, which were missing here
An implementing utility not already running a dozen donor projects at once
A lender willing to refuse additional financing and force a downsizing

Limits: The World Bank wrote the report and rated the outcome Moderately Satisfactory. The financing and dates are in the data sheet (ICR pages 1 to 2); the cut from 21 to 8 rayons, the reasons and the closing extensions are in Box 1 (page 8), and footnote 7 attributes the reduction to cost increases and unanticipated investments. The approval cost and the final cost cover different scopes: the original estimates for 43 rayons across both national projects were 'not supported by thorough technical studies', so the 2008 figure was not a real baseline, and a US$150 million additional financing in 2014 paid for design changes required by new government policy (legalised dwellings, EU standards), not only for overruns. Implementation moved from AzerSu to the irrigation agency SAWMA in 2009 and then to its successor company after mis-procurement in Nakhchivan, so 'the country's institutions' here are several, and the record does not separate their performance. People served and service quality are in the report but are not the subject of this record.

Azerbaijansince 2010delivered and closedbears on Large project delivery

Third Highway Project: M4 Baku-Shamakhi and M3 Yenikend-Shorsulu motorways

Azerbaijan's road administration upgraded 94 km of the M4 Baku-Shamakhi highway to a four-lane road and built 48 km of new M3 motorway under the World Bank-financed Third Highway Project, at US$2.47 million per km against US$2.96 million estimated at appraisal, with the loan closing in March 2021 instead of March 2015.

2.47 US$ million per km, actual cost per km of the upgraded m4 baku-shamakhi highway (appraisal estimate us$2.96 million per km), 2021. 72 months, slip of the actual loan closing date against the original closing date, 2021-03. World Bank, Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR00005553, Azerbaijan Third Highway Project (P118023), retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The road administration borrowed from the World Bank for a defined corridor, accepted the lender's procurement and engineering review, held to the original alignment instead of the ministry's costlier viaduct proposal, and reused savings by adding a motorway section through restructuring.

Preconditions

Access to multilateral lending with appraisal estimates that create a published baseline
A road agency able to procure and supervise several works contracts at once
Works contracts in local currency, which turned a devaluation into a dollar saving

Limits: The completion report is the lender's own evaluation of its loan, drafted with the borrower's data. The cost saving is not mainly efficiency: the report says the lower dollar outcome is mainly attributable to the manat losing more than half its value in 2015 to 2017 while works contracts were priced in local currency, so in local terms the project may have overrun. The 72-month slip is computed here from the two closing dates; the scope also changed twice (the M3 section added, part of the M4 dropped in a landslide zone), and the report concedes the final extension may have been avoidable, so not all of it is construction delay. The efficiency rating is only Modest. It is one corridor of 142 km, with a lender supervising procurement, so it is weak evidence about Azerbaijan's road programme outside donor projects.