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Documented examples

Each record describes something a country built that the indicators do not capture. The source provides the published number; the mechanism is our interpretation.

Scores describe outcomes. These records describe how a country acted, what it needed and what happened. 742 of 742 records include a mechanism. They do not affect scores.

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2 of 742 deliveries

Adaptability

1 delivery linked to Disaster preparedness and recovery.

Botswanasince 2021delivered and closedbears on Disaster preparedness and recovery

COVID-19 vaccination campaign

Botswana's health authorities reported to WHO that 1,951,054 people, 83 per 100 population, had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by 31 December 2023, from a first dose given on 26 March 2021, with 1,663,490 (71 per 100) completing the primary series.

1,951,054 people, people vaccinated with at least one covid-19 vaccine dose, 2023-12-31. 71 per 100 population, people who completed the primary series (last dose), 2023-12-31. World Health Organization, COVID-19 dashboard vaccination data (vaccination-data.csv), retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

Botswana's health ministry ran a national COVID-19 campaign through its clinics and mass vaccination sites and reached over four in five residents with a first dose.

Preconditions

  • A routine immunisation programme with a cold chain beyond the capital
  • A supply of doses large enough for a national campaign, however obtained
  • Registers good enough to count who received a second dose

Where else it has been used: Bolivia (bol-covid-vaccination) and Venezuela (ven-covid-vaccination) are filed on the same terms.

Limits: The figures are Botswana's own reports to WHO (DATA_SOURCE 'REPORTING'), with no independent coverage survey behind them, read from one row of a CSV with no prose. First-dose reach was 83 per 100 and completion 71 per 100, among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, which partly reflects a small population and a strong primary health system rather than a crisis-specific capability. Booster or additional doses reached 510,809 people, 22 per 100. The VACCINES_USED field is empty, so the record cannot show which products were used or where the doses came from, and it evidences distribution only. The per-100 rates divide by WHO's population estimate. Vaccination is a response to one shock, not proof of preparedness for cyclones, floods or droughts, and the brief for this column prefers a hazard-specific delivery; this is filed because none with an official figure was found in the time available. The cited URL is the blob the WHO dashboard serves, as in bol-covid-vaccination.

Building

1 delivery linked to Large project delivery.

Botswanasince 2009still operatingbears on Large project delivery

Morupule B coal power station, and its underperformance

Botswana Power Corporation built the 600 MW Morupule B coal power station under an EPC contract appraised in 2009, taking the plant over with known defects on 4 May 2014 against a target of 31 December 2013, after which it ran at a capacity factor of 52 percent from April 2015 to January 2016 against the 80 percent projected at appraisal.

52 percent, plant gross capacity factor, measured (table 2), 2015-04 to 2016-01. 80 percent, capacity factor projected at appraisal, 2009. World Bank, Implementation Completion and Results Report, Botswana Morupule B Generation and Transmission Project (P112516; P116784), Report No. ICR3301, revised January 2017, retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The state utility bought a large coal plant on a turnkey contract from a lowest-cost bidder, accepted it with a punch list of defects to meet a power shortfall, and then imported power and ran diesel units while the defects were chased.

Preconditions

  • Owner's engineering capacity to verify design and construction quality under an EPC contract
  • Contract terms that let the owner refuse takeover of a defective plant
  • A grid with enough backup supply to wait for a plant to be fixed

Limits: The World Bank's completion report rated outcome, Bank and borrower performance all Unsatisfactory. The 52 percent is the measured gross capacity factor for the whole plant in Table 2 for April 2015 to January 2016 (54 percent for April 2014 to March 2015); Table 1 gives about 38 percent from grid connection to March 2014, and paras. 91 and 96 describe availability 'hovering around 50 percent'. On cost the project did not overrun: the power-station, transmission and water component came to US$1,188.6 million against an appraisal estimate of US$1,539.6 million (Annex 1), so the failure is in schedule and performance, not budget. The report attributes the defects mainly to the Chinese EPC contractor's design and construction quality, with some operation and maintenance issues, and records three site fatalities; the plant was financed largely by an ICBC loan with a World Bank guarantee. The report does not cover the plant after 2016, so whether it later reached its design output is not shown. 'Operating' is used because the plant generates; the record documents a delivery that never reached its design performance rather than one that eroded from a peak.