Sweden, coordination
Swish mobile instant payments
Sweden's six-bank-owned Getswish consortium built Swish into a national mobile payment rail: in 2023 it served just over 8.7 million private users and about 335,000 merchant or business users, processing approximately 977 million payments worth SEK 480 billion.
977,000,000 payments, swish payments, 2023. 8,700,000 users (over), swish private users, 2023. Sveriges Riksbank, The Swedish Financial Market 2024, retrieved 2026-08-31.
The move, and what it needed
Competing banks jointly owned a simple brand and API, used BankID for authentication and connected the service to the national settlement infrastructure. The consortium solved the coordination problem of getting rival banks to make one person-to-person rail interoperable before merchants and public services built on it.
Preconditions
- A small group of banks willing to share ownership and a common customer experience
- A trusted digital identity already used by most account holders
- Settlement infrastructure and rules that can move funds between member banks in seconds
Where it travelled: Swish travels as a bank-led interoperability pattern. The institutional move is joint governance across rivals; the app's reach depends on the identity, handset and settlement layers underneath it.
Limits: The Riksbank's figures are service totals, not a causal evaluation of the consortium or a measure of consumer welfare. Swish depends on mobile BankID, smartphones and participating banks, so people without those prerequisites can be excluded; high payment volume also says nothing about fraud, outage resilience or market competition.
This record describes what Sweden delivered. It is linked to Public-private collaboration because no comparable dataset measures that capability. It does not affect the score or confidence.
More from Sweden
5 other deliveries from this country.
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The same gap elsewhere
27 deliveries linked to Public-private collaboration in other countries.
M-Pesa, and the regulator that let it run
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Dual-track vocational training
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Itaipu Binacional, the treaty-built power system
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Economic Planning Board, long-run industrial coordination
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SNIG, universal individual cattle traceability
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Social and Economic Council, the institutionalised polder bargain
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iDEAL, interoperable online payments through Dutch banks
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eHerkenning, a public-private business identity framework
The Netherlands developed eHerkenning with commercial identity providers so businesses could use one trusted login across public services; in 2024 the framework recorded 1,140,751 authentication means and 639 connected organisations.
Digipoort, an electronic post office for government–business data
The Netherlands runs Digipoort as a central gateway that receives, validates and routes secure messages between businesses and public agencies; in 2024 it handled 75,433,353 messages, including a channel with 3,075 connected organisations for financial and social reporting.
ChileCompra, a national public-procurement marketplace
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Start-Up Chile, a public accelerator for global startups
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SECOP II, a transaction platform for public procurement
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Obras por Impuestos, firms financing public infrastructure
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FONAFIFO Payment for Environmental Services
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SRI electronic invoicing at economy-wide scale
Ecuador's tax authority received approximately 3.299 billion electronic receipts from January through December 2024, using a legally mandated, digitally signed rail that connects private taxpayers to the public tax system.
Crédito de Desarrollo Humano for beneficiary-led businesses
Ecuador's Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion reported delivering 44,622 Crédito de Desarrollo Humano loans in 2024, including 6,622 to Indigenous people, turning a social-transfer registry into small-enterprise finance and market-access support.
Ruta PY02 public-private road concession
Paraguay's public-works balance records the Ruta PY02 duplication and expansion as a 149.5-kilometre public-private partnership, awarded under the 2013 APP law with a USD 507 million construction contract and a concession running to 2046.
Vaca Muerta unconventional energy build-out
Argentina's energy ministry reported that Vaca Muerta supplied 54.9% of national oil output and 50.1% of national gas output in December 2024, within a year in which national oil production reached its highest level since 2003 and gas its highest since 2006.
Palapa Ring national fibre network
Indonesia delivered the three-package Palapa Ring fibre network to connect 57 kabupaten/kota; the communications ministry reported average utilisation of 54.35% in 2024, with the western, central and eastern packages carrying different loads.
JENDELA national digital-network plan
Malaysia's JENDELA Phase 1 connected 7.74 million premises with fibre by 2022, above its 7.5 million target, and raised 4G coverage in populated areas to 96.92% through a regulator-led programme delivered with telecommunications providers.
PromptPay national instant-payment rail
Thailand's central bank and commercial-bank network have run PromptPay as a shared instant-payment rail since 2016; by December 2024, 87.5 million proxy numbers were registered and average daily volume reached 66.4 million transactions, with a one-day peak of 89.2 million in September.
Kit Digital SME digitalisation programme
Spain's Red.es Kit Digital programme used public grants, volunteer representatives and private digitalising agents to help small firms adopt software and online services; by 3 August 2026 the programme reported 1,566,846 transformation projects delivered by 10,727 agents, 96 percent of them ICT SMEs.
Baltic Pipe gas interconnection
Poland's Gaz-System, Denmark's Energinet and Norway's Gassco coordinated the Baltic Pipe cross-border gas corridor; the interconnection launched on 1 October 2022 and reached its target technical parameters by November, allowing up to 10 billion cubic metres per year toward Poland.
National Broadband Plan rural fibre rollout
Ireland's National Broadband Plan combined commercial investment with a state intervention contract for rural areas covering more than 560,000 premises; by October 2024 the government reported over 102,600 premises connected to the National Broadband Ireland network.
UAE Pass, the shared digital identity layer
The UAE Telecommunications and Digital Government Regulatory Authority reported that UAE Pass had 6.84 million registered users accessing more than 15,000 digital services from government and private-sector providers in 2023.
Guatecompras, the national procurement marketplace
Guatemala's Ministry of Finance reported 152,676 enabled Guatecompras users in April 2023, including 137,950 registered suppliers alongside public buyers, auditors and oversight bodies using the national procurement system.