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NCBNational Capability Benchmark
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Challenge the benchmark

Choose a score and give the benchmark a specific reason to reconsider it.

When you submit, the form attaches the current score and confidence for the country and capability you chose.

Submissions are public and start as awaiting review. A maintainer can add a response and signature after review.

Capability agenda

Serbia

Generated 2026-10-03

The frame includes 125 countries. Each dimension is scored from 0 to 100, with no overall ranking, and each score shows its confidence beside it. Read the known limits of the data before you quote a score.

Open the profile: indicators, values, years and sources

Where Serbia stands

DimensionScoreConfidenceTrend
Anticipation52.90.46+12.5 over 10 years using 2 indicators
Agency56.70.41no trend
Coordination81.60.40no trend
Trust67.10.30no trend
Learning40.00.55no trend
Experimentation13.30.33-1.5 over 10 years using 3 indicators
Adaptability69.80.62no trend
Building31.40.41-7 over 10 years using 2 indicators
Shared Purpose70.70.28+10.6 over 10 years using 2 indicators

Score

  • weakNear the floor of the frame. Check the confidence before reading anything into it.0 to 25
  • below middleIn the lower half of the frame.25 to 50
  • above middleIn the upper half of the frame.50 to 75
  • strongNear the top of the frame on this dimension.75 and above

Confidence

  • very thin0.00 to 0.25

    The score rests on one or two indicators. Do not quote it on its own.

  • thin0.25 to 0.45

    A minority of indicators, or evidence old enough to have moved. Read with care.

  • usable0.45 to 0.65

    Enough evidence to compare countries, with known holes.

  • good0.65 and above

    Most indicators observed, recent, from official or intergovernmental sources.

Capability over time

Select a dimension to see how Serbia’s comparable evidence has moved over time. The vertical scale is the current comparison frame, from 0 to 100.

Dimension

Period

Capability position in the current frame0 to 100
025507510020062011201620212026

Experimentation 2006 → 2026: 21.1 to 10.9 (-10.2) over 20 years using 2 indicators

Historical values use today’s frame from 0 to 100 and a matched basket of indicators. They show movement in the available evidence, not an overall development score. Dated agenda items appear on a separate timeline and do not change the score. A missing line means the evidence does not support a comparable trend for that dimension.

What to raise

These are the lowest scores with usable evidence. Thin evidence appears below.

Learning

40.00.55

How effectively does the country acquire, distribute, and update knowledge?

Uses 3 observed indicators. no trend.

Highest usable scores: Singapore 84.2, Norway 83.4, New Zealand 83.

Related deliveries in other countries: SkillsFuture Credit (Singapore); The public library system (Finland); Kartu Prakerja, a national lifelong-learning delivery system (Indonesia); Compte personnel de formation (France); Programa Qualifica and Portugal's adult-learning network (Portugal); Novas Oportunidades, and the qualification-policy interruption (Portugal); SWAYAM national online-course platform (India); SETAs and workplace-based learning delivery (South Africa); MEB public lifelong-learning network (Turkey); Kenya's adult education centres, and their halving (Kenya); Rwanda's adult literacy centres, and their decline (Rwanda); Integrated Functional Adult Education, and its erosion (Ethiopia); Instituto Técnico de Capacitación y Productividad (INTECAP) (Guatemala); INFOTEP national technical and vocational training (Dominican Republic); Campaña Nacional de Alfabetización (Cuba); VET FEE-HELP, and its abolition (Australia); Adult education allowance (aikuiskoulutustuki), and its abolition (Finland); INEFOP, the tripartite national training institute (Uruguay); Franquicia Tributaria SENCE, and its erosion (Chile); Employer and in-work training under Employment Insurance, and its erosion (South Korea); TESDA technical-vocational training at national scale (Philippines); INADEH national vocational training (Panama); Yo, sí puedo national literacy campaign and post-literacy programme (Bolivia); Project 1956 vocational training for rural workers (Vietnam); Bildungsprämie training voucher, and its end (Germany); Aufstiegs-BAföG, upgrading training support (Germany); Formación programada por las empresas (FUNDAE training credit) (Spain); Community Education and Training colleges, and their erosion (South Africa); SENA complementary training (formación complementaria) (Colombia); Vocational skills upgrading action, 2019-2021 (China); INA national vocational training, and its contraction (Costa Rica); Kunskapslyftet adult education initiative (Sweden); Springboard+ upskilling programme (Ireland); State-administered adult education under the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act, and its erosion (United States); STAP-budget training grant, abolished in 2024 (Netherlands); INEA adult basic education (Mexico); Hello Training, public vocational training (Japan); Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), and its erosion (Brazil); Government-funded adult further education in England, and its erosion (United Kingdom); Educación Básica Alternativa (EBA), and its erosion (Peru); Upper secondary education for adults in non-stationary study (Estonia); Department of Skill Development skill-upgrading training (Thailand); Adult literacy education under the National Commission for Mass Literacy, Adult and Non-Formal Education (Nigeria); Skills Development under the Labour Market Development Agreements, and its 2024-25 funding cut (Canada); Instituto Nacional de Formación Profesional (INFOP) (Honduras); Ministry of Labour Vocational Training Division adult courses (Israel); Educación Permanente para personas jóvenes y adultas (MEC) (Paraguay); National literacy campaigns, 2010-2015 (Haiti); County and city general secondary schools for adults (licea ogólnokształcące dla dorosłych) (Poland); Kolej Komuniti part-time and lifelong-learning (Pembelajaran Sepanjang Hayat) courses (Malaysia); Fondo nuove competenze (Italy); National adult literacy projects of the Bureau of Non-Formal Education, and their erosion (Bangladesh); Functional Adult Literacy programme, and its decline (Uganda); Integrated Community-Based Adult Education (MEMKWA), and its decline (Tanzania); National Functional Literacy Programme, and its erosion (Ghana); Centres d'alphabétisation, and their erosion (Côte d'Ivoire); Adult literacy centres financed through FONAENF, and their erosion (Burkina Faso); National Adult Literacy Programme (Malawi); Mauritius Institute of Training and Development part-time training (Mauritius); NAMCOL secondary education programme for out-of-school learners (Namibia); Alfabetização e Educação de Adultos (public adult literacy and adult primary education), and its decline (Mozambique); Sistema Nacional de Formação Profissional under INEFOP (Angola); Institut National de Préparation Professionnelle (INPP) (Democratic Republic of the Congo); AMS training measures (Schulungen) for jobseekers (Austria); Human Resource Development Authority (HRDA) subsidised training programmes (Cyprus); Arbejdsmarkedsuddannelser (AMU), adult vocational training courses, and their decline (Denmark); Vaučeri za obrazovanje, training vouchers of the Croatian Employment Service (Croatia); Mācības pieaugušajiem, the ESF training programme for employed adults 2017 to 2023 (Latvia); Grunnskoleopplæring for voksne, municipal primary and lower secondary education for adults (Norway); Zručnosti pre trh práce, retraining and training contributions of the labour offices (Slovakia); Upper secondary education for adults (srednješolsko izobraževanje odraslih) (Slovenia); Public vocational training centres of the National Agency for Employment and Skills (Albania); Employment Agency adult training, including the DI-GI digital skills vouchers (Bulgaria); ANOFM voucher-based vocational training for the unemployed (Moldova); ANOFM national vocational training plan, and its fall after 2023 (Romania); Programme national d'enseignement des adultes (national adult education programme) (Tunisia); Agence Nationale de Lutte contre l'Analphabetisme literacy and post-literacy programmes (Morocco); Federal project Sodeystvie zanyatosti (Employment Promotion) vocational training of adults (Russia); Short-term vocational training of the unemployed in monocentres and district vocational training centres (Uzbekistan); Self-Employment Program business training (Azerbaijan); HEART/NSTA Trust training enrolment (Jamaica); Enhanced Vocational Education and Training (EVENT II) short-term training (Nepal); Adult and community education at tertiary providers, and its halving (New Zealand); NCHD Adult Literacy Programme, and its collapse after 2013 (Pakistan); Youth Training and Employment Partnership Programme (YTEPP), and its shrinking enrolment (Trinidad and Tobago); Bildungskarenz with Weiterbildungsgeld, and its abolition (Austria).

Missing indicators: Adult learning participation.

What to measure first

The evidence is too thin to manage these dimensions confidently.

Agency

0.41

How able are individuals and organizations to turn an intention into action?

Uses 3 observed indicators.

Missing indicators: Adults doing digital tasks.

What to keep watching

These dimensions score at least 50 with usable evidence.

DimensionScoreConfidence
Adaptability69.80.62
Anticipation52.90.46

Missing data

18 requested indicators have no comparable dataset, and each one lowers confidence. A gap can become an indicator when a comparable series covers at least two countries.

DimensionMissing indicatorWhat it asks
AnticipationGovernment foresight capacityExistence, mandate and continuity of a national strategic foresight function.
AnticipationLong-horizon research commitmentsNew competitively awarded public research grants that run for five years or longer, as a share of all new competitive public research grants awarded in the year.
AgencyAdults doing digital tasksShare of adults who carried out a named digital task in the last three months, such as sending a message with an attached file, moving a file between devices or using a spreadsheet formula, counted one task at a time and never as a skill level.
CoordinationUniversity-industry collaborationIntensity of research collaboration between universities and firms.
CoordinationPublic-private collaborationFrequency and scale of joint public-private delivery of national objectives.
TrustTrust in public institutionsConfidence in national government, courts and civil service.
TrustCourt case clearance rateCivil and commercial cases resolved in a year as a share of cases filed in the same year.
LearningAdult learning participationShare of adults in formal or non-formal education and training in the last 12 months.
ExperimentationVenture dealsFirst venture capital rounds closed by companies based in the country in the year, per million people, counted by deal and never by amount.
ExperimentationFirms through regulatory sandboxesFirms admitted to, and firms completing, a regulatory sandbox or controlled trial regime in the year, per million people, summed across every regulator in the country.
ExperimentationUniversity spinoutsCompanies formed to commercialise university research, per million people.
AdaptabilityDisaster preparedness and recoveryDemonstrated capacity to prepare for and recover from major shocks.
AdaptabilityInstitutional responsivenessSpeed at which rules and public programmes are changed in response to new conditions.
BuildingLarge project deliveryCost and schedule performance of major public infrastructure projects.
BuildingFirm scale-up rateShare of young firms reaching significant employment or turnover thresholds.
Shared PurposeSense of national belongingReported identification with and attachment to the national community, as distinct from pride in the nation.
Shared PurposeVolunteeringShare of adults who volunteered time to an organisation in the last month.
Shared PurposePolitical polarisationDegree to which political differences run along a single hostile divide.

What the indicators miss about Serbia

Documented deliveries linked to missing indicators. They do not affect scores or confidence.

  • Innovation Fund Collaborative Grant Scheme (Program saradnje nauke i privrede) (Coordination)

    Serbia's Innovation Fund financed 79 joint research and development projects of private small and medium firms with public research organisations across eight calls of its Collaborative Grant Scheme, the eighth call, decided in 2024, funding eight.

  • National Employment Service labour market training, and its 2025 non-delivery (Learning)

    Serbia's National Employment Service put 1,613 unemployed people into labour market training (obuke za trziste rada) in 2024, but in 2025 it delivered none of the 1,100 places planned for that year for lack of accredited providers, and only 626 people trained under contracts carried over from the 2023 and 2024 plans.

  • Three minimum wages paid to private employers in the 2020 state of emergency (Adaptability)

    After the state of emergency of 15 March 2020, Serbia's Government presented a EUR 5.1 billion economic package on 31 March that included paying micro, small and medium firms one minimum wage per employee for three months if they cut staff by no more than 10 percent, and on 7 May 2020 the Ministry of Finance paid about RSD 32 billion as the first minimum wage for 1.055 million employees of 232,000 businesses.

  • Moja prva plata, state-paid first-job training placed with employers, and its 2025 halt (Coordination)

    Serbia's Government paid a monthly allowance to young people without work experience while employers trained them for nine months under the Moja prva plata programme run by the National Employment Service, which placed 9,237 young people with 5,471 employers in the 2021 cycle and 7,214 with 4,520 employers from the 2023 call in January 2024, but ran no call for 2024 and started no activity under the measure in 2025 against a plan of 10,000 places.

  • Corridor X motorway sections (E-75 and E-80) (Building)

    Serbia's state road company Koridori Srbije built 45.5 km of Corridor X motorway on the E-75 towards North Macedonia and the E-80 Dimitrovgrad bypass towards Bulgaria under a loan approved in July 2009, finishing at a total project cost of EUR316.2 million against an appraisal estimate of EUR318.2 million, but taking about 10 years from approval to full completion against a planned 6.5, with the loan closing in September 2019 instead of December 2015.

  • Recovery from the May 2014 floods: power supply and flood defences (Adaptability)

    After the May 2014 floods evacuated about 32,000 people and flooded the Kolubara open-pit mines that fuel 40 percent of Serbia's generating capacity, the state utility EPS dewatered the Tamnava West mine by the first quarter of 2015 and kept supply at pre-flood levels with no recorded shortages, and the Directorate of Water Management rebuilt or upgraded 71 km of flood protection that by October 2019 covered 24,944 households against a target of 9,000.

Contribute

Fill a gap, file evidence or challenge an indicator at github.com/envisioning/national-capability-benchmark. The docs explain the method and decisions.